The working principle and characteristics of solar photovoltaic power supply systems

Solar energy is a clean, renewable new energy source, which is conducive to the protection of the local ecological environment. Solar energy has the advantages of huge quantity, longevity, cleanliness and cleanliness, short construction cycle, flexible installation scale, high reliability and simple operation and maintenance.

Solar energy is the most effective and cleanest new energy source to solve the current problem of areas without electricity. It is not only conducive to improving people’s quality of life, but more importantly, to gaining the concepts and agricultural and livestock production techniques needed to get out of poverty, optimising the power supply structure of the local agricultural and fish production system through the implementation of the project, and contributing to the sustainable development of the agricultural and fish industry.

Compared to diesel and thermal power generation it has the advantages of being clean, environmentally friendly and having low daily maintenance costs. Diesel and thermal power generation consume large amounts of diesel and coal on a daily basis, which both consumes energy and pollutes the environment.

The solar photovoltaic power supply system uses solar cells to convert the sun’s light energy into electricity and then, through the control of the controller, provides electricity directly to the conversion circuit and the load on the one hand, and stores the excess electricity in the battery on the other hand, so that at night or when the electricity generated by the solar cells is insufficient, the battery will supply the stored electricity to the conversion circuit and the load. Photovoltaic modules are made up of several monocrystalline silicon (or polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, etc.) cell monoliths connected in series and parallel, and are strictly encapsulated. The photovoltaic effect occurs when the sun shines on the cells and generates a certain voltage and current, which is sent to the charge controller via a cable after the series-parallel combination.

The charge and discharge controller is a monitoring device for automatic charging and discharging of the battery. When the battery is fully charged, it will automatically cut off the charging circuit so that the battery is not overcharged; when the battery is over-discharged, it will alarm and automatically cut off the power circuit, thus ensuring that the battery can operate reliably for a long time. When the solar cell module is fully charged to the battery, the system automatically resumes charging. The controller has a reverse discharge protection function and a circuit protection function for reverse polarity connection.

The battery is the energy storage component of the system, mainly storing the electricity generated by the solar cells for use at night or during times of low light.